EYE TRAUMA

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Exercise your Civic rights today by casting your votes wisely  and not your boxing rights by flexing your arms  else you might leave with this today!!!👇


Photo Credit: Community Eye Health Journal

EYE TRAUMA is a leading cause of visual loss and blindness that frequently affects both young people and old people.
It Refers to any injury to the eye. The injury may have been due to mechanical trauma (blunt or penetrating), chemical agents, or radiation (ultraviolet or ionising).

CAUSES
1. Blow to the eye
2. Cut or scratch on the eye
3. Chemical burn

1. BLOW TO THE EYE: using a fist, wood, metal, or any object at all. A direct blow to the eye can damage the eyeball, the supporting muscles and ligaments, the eyelid, or the bony eye socket (orbit).

2. CUT OR SCRATCH ON THE EYE: getting poked in the eye with a knife, finger nail, bottle, sand, dust
3. CHEMICAL BURN:

• Acid: As a general rule, acids can cause considerable redness and burning but can be washed out fairly easily.

• Alkali. Substances or chemicals that are basic (alkali) are much more serious but may not seem so because they don't cause as much immediate eye pain or redness as acids. Some examples of alkali substances are oven cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners and even chalk dust.



SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Hyphema
• Echymosis
• Photophobia
• Severe eye pain
• Blurred vision
• Persistent headache
• Loss of consciousness
• Blood or clear fluid from ears or nose
•Inability to move eye(s)
• Corneal Abrasion
• Conjunctival lacerations
• Punctated epithelial erosion
• Loss of sight
• Corneal oedema
•Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage


SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
1. HYPHEMA: A hyphema is a pooling or collection of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye (the space between the cornea and the iris). The blood may cover most or all of the iris and the pupil, blocking vision partially or completely. A hyphema is usually painful. If left untreated, it can cause permanent vision problems.

2. ECHYMOSIS: Ecchymosis occurs when blood leaks from a broken capillary into surrounding tissue under the skin. This causes discoloration.describes a flat, blue or purple patch measuring 1 centimeter (cm) or more in diameter.

3. CORNEAL ABRASION: A corneal abrasion happens when something cuts, scratches, or scrapes the cornea (the clear tissue covering the eye).

4. CORNEAL OEDEMA: Corneal edema is swelling of the cornea — the clear, dome-shaped outer surface of the eye that helps you see clearly. It's caused by fluid buildup in the cornea. When untreated, corneal edema can lead to cloudy vision.

5. SUB CONJUNCTIVAL HAEMORRHAGE:  The conjunctiva is the clear tissue that covers the white of the eye (the sclera) and lines the inside of both eyelids. A subconjunctival hemorrhage is blood from a tiny broken blood vessel located between the conjunctiva and the underlying sclera.

6. EXCESSIVE LACRIMATION: overflow of tears from one or both eyes.

7. CONJUNCTIVAL CHEMOSIS: swelling/edema of the conjunctiva. It's a billowing or blister like swelling of the conjunctiva.

8. CONJUNCTIVAL HYPERAEMIA: redness of the eye conjunctiva

SOME OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS DEPENDING ON TYPE OF TRAUMA

• Open globe injury: Globe rupture occurs when the integrity of the outer membranes of the eye is disrupted by blunt or penetrating trauma.

• Eyelid burns: occurs when a liquid chemical, blasts of hot steam/air, bursts of flame.or flash from fire or explosives come in contact with the eye.

• Photophobia:  an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical sensitivity of the eyes.

• Diplopia: Diplopia is the subjective complaint of seeing 2 images instead of one.ie. doubling of images.

• Miosis: excessive construction of the pupil(small round hole in the black eye)

• Corneal stromal clouding

• Iridodialysis

•  Traumatic Iritis: Traumatic iritis is inflammation of the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil (iris) and occurs after an eye injury. Traumatic iritis can be caused by a poke in the eye or a blow to the eye from a blunt object, such as a ball or a hand.

• Conjunctival foreign body: presence of a foreign body either wood or metal, or Stone in the conjunctiva

• corneal foreign body: presence of
wood,metal, stone I'm the cornea .

• Descemet's membrane tears

•Corneal lacerations

• Persistent headache

• Loss of consciousness

• Blood or clear fluid from ears or nose

•Inability to move eye(s)


Complications of eye trauma
1.Traumatic  Cataract
2. Glaucoma
3. Anteroir uveitis
4. Retinal detachment
5. Corneal ulcer
6. Phtisis bulbi

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